(PDF) Personalized Nutrition By A.P. Simopoulos

This is the PDF eBook version for Personalized Nutrition – Translating Nutrigenetic, Nutrigenomic Research into Dietary Guidelines By A.P. Simopoulos, J.A. Milner

Table of Contents

Front Matter
World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
List of Contributors
Preface
Opportunities and Challenges in Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics and Health
Why Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics?
Opportunities
Challenges
Surrogate Endpoints
Premature Health Claims
Ethical and Legal Implications
How to Deal with the Challenges
References
Genome-Wide Association Studies and Diet
Monogenic Disorders and Complex Disease
Enabling Technologies in GWAS
GWAS: Why Are They Important?
Use of Gene Chips and GWAS Datasets in Personalized Health Predictions
Gene-Diet Interactions: Crohn’s Disease
Acknowledgments
References
Copy Number Variation, Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Neurological Disorders.
Ethyl-EPA
Huntington’s Disease
Myalgic Encephalomyelitis
Conclusions
References
Nutrigenetics: A Tool to Provide Personalized Nutritional Therapy to the Obese
Observational Studies Evidencing Gene-Nutrient Interactions on Weight Gain
Genes Regulating Food/Energy Intake
Genes Regulating Energy and Lipid Utilization
Genes Regulating Adipogenesis and Adipokines
Intervention Studies Concerning Genetic Modification Effects on Weight Loss and Maintenance
Genes Regulating Food/Energy Intake
Genes Affecting Lipid Metabolism and Adipogenesis
Genes Involving Proteins Related to Thermogenesis Processes
Genes Encoding Adipokines and Proteins Related to Adipocyte Metabolism
Nutritional Studies Concerning Gene-Dependent Effects on Obesity-Related Manifestations
Conclusions
References
Xenobiotic Metabolizing Genes, Meat-Related Exposures, and Risk of Advanced Colorectal Adenoma
Materials and Methods
Study Population
Gene Selection and Genotyping
Dietary Data
Statistical Analysis
Results
Discussion
Acknowledgments
References
Strategies to Improve Detection of Hypertension Genes
Subject Selection
Selecting an Intervention
Study Time Windows
Tissue versus Central Phenotype Measurement
Intervention Studies
Improving Genome-Wide Association Results
Summary
Acknowledgments
References
Diet, Nutrition and Modulation of Genomic Expression in Fetal Origins of Adult Disease
Epidemiology
Experiments of Nature
Cancer Risk and Early Life
Growth and Development
Size and Body Composition at Birth
Developmental Plasticity
Animal Models
Epigenetics and Cancer
Conclusion
References
Choline: Clinical Nutrigenetic/Nutrigenomic Approaches for Identification of Functions and Dietary Requirements
Challenges for Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics
Other Considerations before Undertaking Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics
Prototype Experiment in Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics: Studies on Choline Deficiency
Choline Metabolism
Consequences of Dietary Choline Deficiency in Humans
Genetic Variation in Dietary Requirements for Choline
Choline and Neural Development
Choline Deficiency Alters Gene Expression via Epigenetic Mechanisms
Long-Lasting Consequences of Prenatal Choline Availability
Implications for Human Brain Development
Acknowledgments
References
Dietary Polyphenols, Deacetylases and Chromatin Remodeling in Inflammation
Polyphenols: An Overview
Modulation of Inflammation by Polyphenols
Resveratrol
Curcumin
Catechins
Deacetylases and Inflammation
HDAC2 and Steroid Resistance
Sirtuins and Epigenetic Changes
Modulation of Deacetylases by Dietary Polyphenols
Modulation of SIRT1
Modulation of HDACs
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Dietary Manipulation of Histone Structure and Function
Use of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors in Cancer Prevention
Dietary Inhibitors of Histone Deacetylases
Future Directions and Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Changes in Human Adipose Tissue Gene Expression during Diet-Induced Weight Loss
Obesity
Obesity Treatment
Adipose Tissue
Expression Profiling of Human Adipose Tissue during Diet-Induced Weight Loss
Serum Amyloid A Expression in Human Adipose Tissue and Association with Metabolic Disease
CIDE Family
A Local Activin B Signaling System in Adipose Tissue?
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Toxicogenomics and Studies of Genomic Effects of Dietary Components
Reference Materials and Methods to Improve and Monitor Laboratory Proficiency in Microarray Assays
Identification of Factors that Increase Biological Noise in Gene Expression Studies
Phenotypic Anchoring to Supply a Biological Context for Interpreting Gene Expression Data
Reference Sets that Aid in the Interpretation of Adverse versus Adaptive Effects
Conclusions
Disclaimer
References
Dietary Methyl Deficiency, microRNA Expression and Susceptibility to Liver Carcinogenesis
Materials and Methods
Animals, Diets and Experimental Design
RNA Extraction and miRNA Microarray Expression Analysis
miRNA Expression Analysis by Quantitative Reverse Transcription Real-Time PCR
Gene Expression Analysis by qRT-PCR
Western Blot Analysis of Protein Expression
Statistical Analysis
Results and Discussion
Functions of Dysregulated miRNAs
Disclaimer
References
Redox Dysregulation and Oxidative Stress in Schizophrenia: Nutrigenetics as a Challenge in Psychiatric Disease Prevention
Genetic Factors
Environmental Factors
Developmental Factors
Neurotransmission Dysfunction
Impaired Structural Connectivity
Impaired Functional Connectivity
Redox/Glutathione Dysregulation Is a Vulnerability Factor in Schizophrenia
Pathophysiological Mechanisms
Low GSH and Structural Problems
Low GSH and Functional Problems
Hub of GSH Deficit
Reductions in PV FSGI
Deficient Myelination
Developmental Animal Models with Redox Dysregulation
BSO-Induced Glutathione Deficit
GCLM–/– Knockout Mice
Therapeutic and Preventive Perspectives
Proof-of-Concept Clinical Trial with N-Acetyl-Cysteine
Early Intervention and Prevention
Nutrients and Antioxidants for Prevention and Treatment
Glutathione and C1 Metabolism
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Nutrigenomics and Agriculture: A Perspective
Genomic Prediction in Dairy Cows
Dietary Guidance
Discussion
References
Opportunities and Challenges in Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics: Building Industry-Academia Partnerships
The Challenge before Us
Accelerated Learning Curves
Professional Development and Building Networks
Sharing Science
Anatomy of a Partnership Model in Molecular Nutrition
Final Thoughts
Disclosures
References
Tailoring Foods to Match People’s Genes in New Zealand: Opportunities for Collaboration
Role of Genetics in CD in New Zealand
Modeling Genetic Variation in Human CD Populations in vitro
Estimating the Role of Diet in CD
Animal Models of IBD
Double-Blind Placebo Controlled Human Clinical Trials
Data Management and Integration
Acknowledgments
References
Author Index
Subject Index