(PDF) Stimulation of the Peripheral Nervous System by K.V. Slavin

This is the PDF eBook version for Stimulation of the Peripheral Nervous System – The Neuromodulation Frontier by K.V. Slavin

Table of Contents

Front Matter
Progress in Neurological Surgery
Title Page
Copyright
Contents
Series Editor’s Note
Preface
References
Technology for Peripheral Nerve Stimulation
Abstract
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation Technology Throughout the Years
Early Devices
Second-Generation PNS Devices
Introduction of Percutaneous Leads for Peripheral Nerve Stimulation
Other Devices
Limitations with Current Technology
Electrical Excitation of Peripheral Nerve Fibers
The Ideal Peripheral Nerve Stimulation Device
References
Theoretical Basis of Vagus Nerve Stimulation
Abstract
Historical Basis for Vagus Nerve Stimulation Therapy
Vagus Nerve Anatomy and Physiology
Alternative Uses of Vagus Nerve Stimulation
Vagus Nerve Stimulation Amplitudes and Frequency Modification for Site-Specific Cerebral Modulation
Conclusion
References
Vagus Nerve Stimulation: Surgical Technique and Complications
Abstract
Surgical Technique
Anesthesiological Considerations
Ear, Nose, and Throat Considerations
Skin-to-Skin Procedure
Revisions: Problems and Pitfalls
Right-Sided Implantation
Complications
References
Vagus Nerve Stimulation for Epilepsy: An Evidence-Based Approach
Abstract
The Search for Clinical Evidence
Do Patients with Epilepsy Benefit from Vagus Nerve Stimulation?
Summary of the Evidence in Refractory Epilepsy
Present and Future
Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Children with Lennox-Gastaut or Lennox-Like Syndrome
Vagus Nerve Stimulation versus Callosotomy in Children with Lennox-Gastaut or Lennox-Like Syndrome
Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Reflex Eating Seizures
References
Vagus Nerve Stimulation for Major Depressive Episodes
Abstract
Clinical Issues
Indications of Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Major Depressive Episodes
Patient Selection
Outcome
Potential Complications of Vagus Nerve Simulation in Major Depressive Episodes
Conclusions
References
Phrenic Nerve Stimulation: Technology and Clinical Applications
Abstract
History
Current Technology
Clinical Indications
Presurgical Evaluation
Surgical Technique
Thoracoscopic Technique
Cervical Technique
Follow-Up Care
Complications
Outcomes
Future Directions
References
Trigeminal Ganglion Stimulation
Abstract
Neuromodulation Techniques for Facial Pain and Headache
Neuromodulation of the Gasserian Ganglion
Technique of Gasserian Ganglion Stimulation
Results of Gasserian Ganglion Stimulation
Conclusions
References
Carotid Sinus/Nerve Stimulation for Treatment of Resistant Hypertension and Heart Failure
Abstract
Resistant Hypertension
Sympathetic Activity and Baroreflex Mechanism
Electrical Carotid Sinus/Nerve Stimulation
Surgical Implantation
Carotid Sinus Stimulation in Animal Models
Carotid Sinus Stimulation in Patients with Resistant Hypertension
Carotid Sinus Stimulation in Patients with Heart Failure
Conclusions and Future Direction
References
Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation for Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Abstract
The Tongue
Breathing
Sleep
The Sleep Apnea Disease
Sleep Apnea Treatment
Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation
Comparisons between Continuous Positive Airway Pressure and Hypoglossal Stimulation
Conclusions
References
Sphenopalatine Ganglion Stimulation in Neurovascular Headaches
Abstract
Anatomophysiology of the Sphenopalatine Ganglion
Pathogenic Role of the Sphenopalatine Ganglion in Neurovascular Headaches
Sphenopalatine Ganglion Neurostimulation: Available Data
Cluster Headache
Protocol
Efficacy Data
Safety Data
Mechanism of Action
Migraine
Conclusions
References
Occipital Nerve Stimulation for Migraine: Update from Recent Multicenter Trials
Abstract
Case Series of Occipital Nerve Stimulation for Chronic Migraine
Prospective Randomized Crossover Study
Randomized Sham-Controlled Clinical Trials of Occipital Nerve Stimulation for Chronic Migraine
Conclusions
References
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation for Back Pain
Abstract
Stimulation Principles
Patient Selection Criteria for Peripheral Nerve Field Stimulation
Trialing Procedure
Pulse Generator Implant Procedure
Lead Depth
Outcomes
Pain Indices
Medication Use
Satisfaction
Function
Complications
Conclusion
References
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation for Pain in Extremities: An Update
Abstract
Update on Traditional Technology
Percutaneously Inserted Peripheral Nerve Stimulation in Extremities
Paddle Lead Peripheral Nerve Stimulation in Extremities
Long-Term Follow-Up on Traditional Peripheral Nerve Stimulation and New Insights into Mechanism of Action
Percutaneous Paddles
Emerging Technology
StimRouterTM
Altius Electric Nerve BlockTM
Freedom 4 and 8 Stimulators
SmartPatchTM and MicroPulse® Technology
Initial Outcome Studies
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Peripheral Neuromodulation to Treat Postamputation Pain
Abstract
Pathophysiology
Types of Peripheral Neurostimulation Modalities
High-Frequency Electric Conduction Block
Patient Selection
Implantation Technique
Therapy Parameter Settings for High-Frequency Conduction Block
Clinical Outcomes and Conclusions
References
Peripheral Neurostimulation with a Microsize Wireless Stimulator
Abstract
Brief Overview of Wireless Technology
Fundamentals of Neurostimulation Technology
External Pulse Generators
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation
Radiofrequency Pulse Generator
Implantable Pulse Generators
External Wireless Pulse Generation
What Makes a Wireless System ‘Wireless’
Trends in Neurostimulation
Anatomy and Function: The Components and Clinical Effects of a Wireless System
Device Design, Placement, and Function
External Pulse Generator
Controller
Clinical Application of Wireless Neurostimulation
Comparison with Traditional ‘Wired’ Neurostimulation Systems
Anatomical Sites for Wireless Neurostimulation
Clinical Examples
Trigeminal Neuropathic Pain
Dorsal Root Ganglion Stimulation for Failed Back Surgery Syndrome-Related Lumbar Radiculitis
Future Concepts
The Future of Clinical Application
The Future of Lead Design
The Future of Programming
The Future of the Wireless Neurostimulation Industry
Conclusion: Miniaturization, Versatility, and Sustainability
References
Sacral Neuromodulation for Genitourinary Problems
Abstract
History of Sacral Neuromodulation in Urology
Procedure and Technique
Percutaneous Nerve Evaluation Test
Stage One Test Trial (Staged Procedure)
Stage Two/Internal Pulse Generator Implantation
Sacral Neuromodulation Therapy
Off-Label Uses of Sacral Nerve Stimulation
Contraindications to Sacral Neuromodulation
Controversial Issues in Sacral Neuromodulation Therapy
A few issues have arisen with the increasing adoption of SNM therapy.
References
Sacral Nerve Stimulation in the Treatment of Bowel Disorders
Abstract
Fecal Incontinence
Constipation
Development of Sacral Nerve Stimulation for Bowel Disorders
Mechanism of Action of Sacral Nerve Stimulation for Bowel Disorders
Sacral Nerve Stimulation Implant Technique for Bowel Disorders
Results of Sacral Nerve Stimulation in Fecal Incontinence
Sacral Nerve Stimulation in the Treatment of Other Bowel Disorders
Sacral Nerve Stimulation Complications
Conclusions
References
Stimulation of the Dorsal Root Ganglion
Abstract
Dorsal Root Ganglion Stimulation of the Spinal Cord: Development of the Intervention
Device and Implantation
Clinical Evidence: Dorsal Root Ganglion Stimulation Treats Neuropathic Pain Across a Variety of Etiologies and Locations
Anatomy of the Dorsal Root Ganglion
Gaining Access to the Dorsal Root Ganglion
The Dorsal Root Ganglion Is a Central Nervous System Structure
Physiology of the Dorsal Root Ganglion in Neuropathic Pain
Proposed Analgesic Mechanisms of Dorsal Root Ganglion Stimulation of the Spinal Cord
Conclusions
Acknowledgment
References
Regulation of Peripheral Nerve Stimulation Technology
Abstract
Device Evolution and Regulatory Approval
Overview of Medical Device Regulation in the United States
Premarket Notification
Premarket Approval
Overview of Medical Device Regulation in the European Union
Medical Device Regulation in Canada and Australia
Current Status of Peripheral Nerve Stimulation Device Regulation
Future of Peripheral Nerve Stimulation Device Regulation
References
Author Index
Subject Index