(eBook) BRS Physiology 7th Edition by Linda S. Costanzo

This is the PDF eBook version for BRS Physiology 7th Edition by Linda S. Costanzo

Table of Contents

Preface vi

Acknowledgments vii

1 Cell Physiology 1

I Cell Membranes 1

II Transport Across Cell Membranes 2

III Osmosis 5

IV Diffusion Potential, Resting Membrane Potential, and Action Potential 7

V Neuromuscular and Synaptic Transmission 12

VI Skeletal Muscle 16

VII Smooth Muscle 21

VIII Comparison of Skeletal Muscle, Smooth Muscle, and Cardiac Muscle 22

Review Test 24

2 Neurophysiology 33

I Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) 33

II Organization of the Nervous System 38

III Sensory Systems 38

IV Motor Systems 49

V Higher Functions of the Cerebral Cortex 56

VI Blood-Brain Barrier and Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) 57

VII Temperature Regulation 57

Review Test 59

3 Cardiovascular Physiology 67

I Circuitry of the Cardiovascular System 67

II Hemodynamics 67

III Cardiac Electrophysiology 72

IV Cardiac Muscle and Cardiac Output 77

V Cardiac Cycle 86

VI Regulation of Arterial Pressure 88

VII Microcirculation and Lymph 92

VIII Special Circulations 95

IX Integrative Functions of the Cardiovascular System: Gravity, Exercise, and Hemorrhage 98

Review Test 103

4 Respiratory Physiology 116

I Lung Volumes and Capacities 116

II Mechanics of Breathing 118

III Gas Exchange 125

IV Oxygen Transport 127

V CO2 Transport 132

VI Pulmonary Circulation 133

VII V/Q Defects 134

VIII Control of Breathing 136

IX Integrated Responses of the Respiratory System 138

Review Test 140

5 Renal and Acid-Base Physiology 148

I Body Fluids 148

II Renal Clearance, Renal Blood Flow (RBF), and Glomerular Filtration Rate (GER) 152

III Reabsorption and Secretion 156

IV NaCl Regulation 159

V K Regulation 164

VI Renal Regulation of Urea, Phosphate, Calcium, and Magnesium 167

VII Concentration and Dilution of Urine 168

VIII Renal Hormones 173

IX Acid-Base Balance 173

X Diuretics 182

XI Integrative Examples 182

Review Test 185

6 Gastrointestinal Physiology 195

I Structure and Innervation of the Gastrointestinal Tract 195

II Regulatory Substances in the Gastrointestinal Tract 196

III Gastrointestinal Motility 200

IV Gastrointestinal Secretion 205

V Digestion and Absorption 215

VI Liver Physiology 220

Review Test 222

7 Endocrine Physiology 228

I Overview of Hormones 228

II Cell Mechanisms and Second Messengers 230

III Pituitary Gland (Hypophysis) 234

IV Thyroid Gland 239

V Adrenal Cortex and Adrenal Medulla 242

VI Endocrine Pancreas-Glucagon and Insulin 249

VII Calcium Metabolism (Parathyroid Hormone, Vitamin D, Calcitonin) 252

VIII Sexual Differentiation 256

IX Male Reproduction 257

X Female Reproduction 259

Review Test 264

Comprehensive Examination 273

Appendix A Key Physiology Topics for Usmle Step 1 295

Appendix B Key Physiology Equations for Usmle Step 1 297

Appendix C Normal Blood Values 298

Index 299